What Is CNC boring machine

CNC boring machine is a machine tool that mainly uses boring cutters to boring the existing pre-made holes of the workpiece. Usually, the rotation of the boring tool is the main motion, and the movement of the boring tool or the workpiece is the feed motion.
Boring　machine
definition:
Machine tools that have pre-made holes on the workpiece are mainly processed with boring cutters.
Subject:
Mechanical engineering (first-level discipline); cutting process and equipment (second-level discipline); metal cutting machine tools-various metal-cutting machine tools (third-level discipline)
This content is reviewed and announced by the National Science and Technology Term Review Committee
CNC boring machine
The role of boring machine
A machine tool that mainly uses a boring tool to boring the existing pre-made holes of the workpiece. Generally, the rotation of the boring tool is the main motion, and the movement of the boring tool or the workpiece is the feed motion. It is mainly used to process high-precision holes or finish machining of multiple holes at one time. In addition, it can also be engaged in the processing of other machining surfaces related to hole finishing. The use of different tools and accessories can also be used for drilling, milling, and cutting. Its machining accuracy and surface quality are higher than those of a drilling machine. Boring machine is the main equipment for processing large box parts. Thread and machining outer circle and end face, etc.
1 Overview
Due to the need to manufacture weapons, hydraulically driven barrel boring machines appeared in the 15th century. After J. Watt obtained a patent for a practical steam engine in 1769, the machining accuracy of the cylinder became a key issue for the steam engine. In 1774, the British J. Wilkinson invented the barrel boring machine, which was used the following year to machine the cylinder block for the Watt steam engine. In 1776, he built a more accurate cylinder boring machine. Around 1880, the production of horizontal boring machines with front and rear columns and worktables began in Germany. In order to adapt to the processing of extra-large and extra-heavy workpieces, floor boring machines were developed in the 1930s. With the increase of milling workload, floor boring and milling machines appeared in the 1950s. At the beginning of the 20th century, due to the development of the clock and watch instrument manufacturing industry, equipment with smaller hole pitch errors was required, and coordinate boring machines appeared in Switzerland. In order to improve the positioning accuracy of the boring machine, optical reading heads or digital display devices have been widely used. Some boring machines also use digital control systems to realize coordinate positioning and process automation.
Boring machines are divided into horizontal boring machines, floor boring and milling machines, diamond boring machines and jig boring machines (see color picture). ①Horizontal boring machine: a boring machine with the most applications and widest performance, suitable for single-piece and small-batch production and repair workshops. ②Floor boring machine and floor boring and Milling Machine: The feature is that the workpiece is fixed on the floor platform, which is suitable for processing workpieces with larger size and weight, and is used in heavy machinery manufacturing plants. ③Diamond boring machine: Use diamond or cemented carbide tools to boring holes with high precision and small surface roughness at a small feed rate and a high cutting speed. It is mainly used in mass production. ④Coordinate boring machine: It has a precise coordinate positioning device, suitable for processing holes with high requirements for shape, size and hole distance accuracy, and can also be used for scribing, coordinate measurement and scale work, for tool workshops and small and medium batch production in. Other types of boring machines include vertical turret boring and milling machines, deep hole boring machines and boring machines for automobile and tractor repair.
2 Classification of boring machines (according to structure and processed objects)
(1) Horizontal boring machine
Horizontal boring machine is one of the most widely used boring machines. It is mainly for hole processing, the boring accuracy can reach IT7, and the surface roughness Ra value is 1.6-0.8um. ​​The main parameter of the horizontal boring machine is the spindle diameter.
2.1 Horizontal boring machine
The boring shaft is arranged horizontally and performs axial feed, the headstock moves vertically along the front column guide rail, and the worktable moves longitudinally or horizontally for boring processing. This kind of machine tool is widely used and relatively economical. It is mainly used for hole processing of box (or bracket) parts and other processing surface processing related to holes.
(2) Jig boring machine
Jig boring machine is a kind of high-precision machine tool. Its structural feature is a precision measuring device with coordinate positions. The coordinate boring machine can be divided into single-column coordinate boring machine, double-column coordinate boring machine and horizontal coordinate boring machine.
The boring machine with precise coordinate positioning device is mainly used for boring the hole system with high requirement of size, shape, especially position accuracy. It can also be used for precision coordinate measurement, template marking, scale and other tasks.
Single-column coordinate boring machine: The spindle drives the tool to make the main rotation movement, and the spindle sleeve makes the feed movement in the axial direction. Features: Simple structure, convenient operation, especially suitable for processing precision holes of plate-shaped parts, but its rigidity is poor, so this structure is only suitable for small and medium-sized coordinate boring machines.
Double-column coordinate boring machine: The tool is installed on the main shaft for the main movement, and the workpiece is installed on the worktable and moves longitudinally and linearly along the bed guide rail with the worktable. It has good rigidity, and currently large-scale jig boring machines adopt this structure. The main parameter of the double-column coordinate boring machine is the width of the worktable. Horizontal coordinate boring machine: The worktable can rotate in the horizontal plane, and the feed movement can be realized by the longitudinal movement of the worktable or the axial movement of the spindle. Its processing accuracy is high.
(3) Diamond Boring Machine
It is characterized by small feed and high cutting speed for processing, so the processing
The workpiece has high dimensional accuracy (IT6), and the surface roughness can reach 0.2 microns.
Boring machine that uses diamond or cemented carbide tools to perform precision boring.
(4)Deep hole drilling and boring machine
The deep hole drilling and boring machine itself has strong rigidity, good precision, wide spindle speed range, and the feed system is driven by an AC servo motor, which can meet the needs of various deep hole processing techniques. The oil applicator is tightened and the workpiece is tightened with hydraulic devices, and the instrument display is safe and reliable. The following work forms can be selected: 1. Workpiece rotation, tool rotation and reciprocating feed motion, suitable for drilling and small diameter boring; 2. Workpiece rotation, tool does not rotate but only reciprocating motion, suitable for boring large diameter holes And nesting processing; 3. The workpiece does not rotate, the tool rotates and the reciprocating feed movement, suitable for drilling complex workpieces and small diameter drilling and small diameter boring.
(5) Floor boring machine
The workpiece is placed on the floor table, and the column moves longitudinally or laterally along the bed. Used for processing large workpieces.
In addition, there are milling and boring machines that can perform milling, or deep hole drilling and boring machines that can perform drilling.
3 Inspection standards of boring machine
The inspection standard of boring machine is the same as other metal cutting machine tools. There are more complete relevant standards, special standards and quality grading standards, and the export products should reach first-class products. Its special standards mainly include: JB2253-85 “Parameters of Jig Boring Machines”, JB3753-84 “Vertical Shaft Ends of 3220 Taper Holes of Vertical Jig Boring Machines”, JB2255-85, ZBJ54022-89 “Accuracy and Technical Conditions of Rotary Tables of Jig Boring Machines”, JB2254 -85 “Accuracy of jig boring machine”, JB/T2937-93 “Technical conditions of jig boring machine”, GB/T14660-93 “Accuracy of CNC jig boring machine”, ZBnJ54018-89, JB/Z356-89 “Parameters and series of horizontal boring and milling machine Spectrum”, ZBJ54019-89 “Horizontal Boring and Milling Machine Spindle End”, GB5289-85, JB4373-86, JB/T4241-93 “Horizontal Milling and Boring Machine Accuracy and Technical Conditions”, ZBJ54023-89, JB/T5602-91 ” Floor-standing milling and boring machine parameters and series profile”, JB4367-86 “Floor milling and boring machine accuracy”, ZBnJ54024-89 “Floor milling and boring machine technical conditions”, JB4366.1-86 “Floor milling and boring machine boring shaft end size”, JB4366.2 -86 “Floor milling and boring machine milling shaft end size”, JB/GQ1090-86 “Fixed platform accuracy for machine tools”, JB4070-85, JB/Z257-86 “Vertical fine boring machine parameters and series profile”, JB/T4289 .1-94 “Vertical fine boring machine accuracy”, JB/T4289.2-94 “Vertical fine boring machine technical conditions”, JBJ51003.1-88, ZBnJ51003.2-85 “Vertical fine boring machine boring head parameters and technical conditions “, JB/T5765-91, JB/T5601-91 “Horizontal fine boring machine parameters and series profile”, JB5564-91 “Horizontal fine boring machine accuracy”, JB /T54010-93 “Horizontal fine boring machine technical conditions”, ZBJ52004-88, ZBJ51002-88 “horizontal fine boring machine, boring head accuracy and technical conditions”, etc.
Test items
The related standard inspection items are similar to other metal cutting machine tools. The professional standard inspection items are mainly accuracy and performance, which can be summarized as: the related accuracy of the power head installed with the tool, the related accuracy of the worktable installed with the workpiece to be processed, and both The mutual position accuracy and machining accuracy of the movement of the bed, column, and gantry guide rails must also be inspected with reference to JB2670-82 “General Rules for Precision Inspection of Metal Cutting Machine Tools”. what
4 Safety operating regulations for boring machine
1. Comply with the general safety operating regulations for milling and boring workers. Wear labor protection products as required.
2. Check whether the connection of the operating handle, switch, knob, clamp mechanism, and hydraulic piston is in the correct position, whether the operation is flexible, and whether the safety device is complete and reliable.
3. Check whether there are obstacles in the effective operating range of each axis of the machine tool.
4. It is strictly forbidden to use the machine tool with super performance. Select the cutting speed and feed rate according to the material of the workpiece.
5. When loading and unloading heavier workpieces, reasonable hoisting tools and hoisting methods must be selected according to the weight and shape of the workpiece.
6. When the main shaft is rotating and moving, it is strictly prohibited to touch the main shaft and the tools installed at the end of the main shaft by hand.
7. When changing the tool, you must stop the machine first, and then change it after confirmation. When changing, you should pay attention to the damage of the blade.
8. It is forbidden to step on the rail surface and painted surface of the equipment or place objects on it. It is strictly forbidden to knock or straighten the workpiece on the workbench.
9. After inputting the processing program for the new workpiece, the correctness of the program must be checked, whether the simulated running program is correct, and automatic cycle operation is not allowed without testing, so as to prevent the machine from malfunctioning.
10. When using the flat-rotation radial tool post for cutting alone, first return the boring bar to the zero position, and then use M43 to change to the flat-rotation disk mode in the MDA mode. If the U-axis needs to move, you must ensure that the U-axis manual clamping device Has been released.
11. When it is necessary to rotate the worktable (B axis) during work, make sure that it will not touch other parts of the machine tool or other objects around the machine tool when rotating.
12. When the machine tool is running, it is forbidden to touch the rotating silk shaft, polished rod, main shaft, and pan disk, and the operator must not stay on the moving parts of the machine tool.
13. When the machine tool is running, the operator is not allowed to leave the work post or be supervised by someone.
14. If abnormal phenomena and noise occur during the operation of the machine tool, stop it immediately, find out the cause, and deal with it in time.
15. When the headstock of the machine tool and the worktable are at or near the limit of motion, the operator is not allowed to enter the following areas:
(1) Between the bottom surface of the spindle box and the bed;
(2) Between the boring shaft and the work;
(3) Between the boring shaft and the bed or the work surface when the boring shaft is extended;
(4) Between the worktable and the spindle box when moving;
(5) When the boring shaft rotates, between the rear tail tube, the wall and the fuel tank;
(6) Between the workbench and the front main column;
(7) Other areas that may cause extrusion;
16. When the machine is shut down, the worktable must be retracted to the middle position, the boring bar shall be retracted, then the operating system shall be exited, and the power shall be cut off at last.
5 Main features of SAJ CNC boring machine inverter
1. Large low-frequency torque and stable output
2. High-performance vector control
3. Fast torque dynamic response and high speed stability accuracy
4. Decelerate and stop fast
5. Strong anti-interference ability